Response of TLD and RPL personal dosimeters in a national inter-comparison test program

Background: Different kinds and models of personal dosimeters are used in individual monitoring by workers. Performance testing as part of approval procedures is carried out to demonstrate that the essential performance specifications are routinely maintained. There are four service providers in Iran which use different luminescence techniques [i. e. TLD and RPL] with various kinds of dosimeter materials/reader instruments in personal dosimetry services. Materials and Methods: A national performance approval tests program was performed for the dosimeters of the service providers in energy range of soft, 660 keV and 1.25 MeV, at the doses values around the recoding, investigation and annual dose limits, and different angle of incidents [e. g. 0, 20, 40 and 60 degree]. Results: The results of this testing satisfies the overall accuracy criteria with 95% confidence levels specified by the ICRP, except that of RPL technique in low energy which overestimates the dose out of the acceptable accuracy band defined as the ICRP trumpet curves. Conclusion: The inter-comparison has proved that the personal dose equivalent quantity, H[p][10], defined by the ICRU and recommended by the IAEA are becoming widely accepted and implemented in most participated laboratories

[Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy among non- insulin dependent diabetics patients]

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy [CAN] is the most common and important type of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Silent myocardial infarction, respiratory failure and increased mortality are the outcomes of CAN. This study was carried out to screen the cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in non- insulin dependent diabetics patients. This descriptive - analytic study was carried on 70 [22 males, 48 females] non- insulin dependent diabetics' patients. Resting heart rate, heart rate variability, orthostatic changes in heart rate, blood pressure and corrected QT interval were recorded for each subject. The final findings were categorized as follow: 0=normal, 1=borderline and 2=CAN positive. 10 [14.3%] of patients were normal, 35 [50%] of patients were borderline and 25 [35.7%] of patients were considered cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy positive. There was significant differences between duration of diabetes and three CAN scores [P<0.05]. The systolic blood pressure alterations showed the maximum correlation with CAN scores [r=0.509]. In our study, the rate of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was higher than other reports. The most important risk factor for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was more than 10 years history of diabetes mellitus

[Effect of carbamazepine on homocysteine serum level in pregnant mice and fetal malformations outcome]

Carbamazepine during pregnancy can induce various malformations. Recent studies have showed an increase in homocysteine level due to Carbamazepine administration. This study was to evaluate the effect of Carbamazepine on homocysteine serum level in pregnant mice and fetal malformations outcome. In this experimental study, 40 BALB/c timed-pregnant mice were allocated into 2 experimental and 2 control groups. The experimental groups were received daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg [group I] or 60 mg/kg [group II] of Carbamazepine on gestational days 6 to 15. The control groups were received either - normal saline or Tween 20. Dams underwent Cesarean section on GD 18. External examinations were done and all data concerning malformations, weight and crownrump of fetuses collected. Blood samples were collected from Dams' hearts prior to performing the Cesarean section. Homocysteine was measured using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18, ANOVA, Chi-Square and Tukey tests. Significant increase in Homocysteine levels of dams' serum compared to control groups was seen in both experimental groups I and II [10.56 +/- 1.31 and 11.11 +/- 1.64 micro mol/L, respectively, P<0.05]. The mean weight and crown-rump of the fetuses in both experimental groups were significantly reduced compared with those of the control groups [P<0.05]. Various malformations such as limb defects, vertebral defects, facial deformity and severe malformations were observed in fetuses of both experimental groups. Serum elevation of homocysteine in Carbamazepine exposed pregnant mice may be a risk factor for induction of fetal malformations

OWA analysis for ecological capability assessment in watersheds

Fuzzylogic computes a multi-criteria evaluation by means of either a Boolean analysis, Weighted Linear Combination [WLC] and Ordered Weighted Averaging [OWA] of factor images. OWA works with standardized factor images and employs a variant of the WLC. It takes into account the risk associated with the decision and degree of tradeoff associated with the variables in the analysis. In this research, for Ecological Capability Assessment and watersheds management in study area, we have studied 22 biological and physiological factors. For ecological capability evaluation, the method of OWA was deployed. This method involves criterion weights and order weights. The generality of OWA is related to its capability to implement different combination operators by selecting appropriate order weights. By specifying suitable order weights, it is possible to change the form of aggregation from the minimum-type combination through all intermediate types including the conventional weighted linear combination, to the maximum-type combination. The paper focuses on the OWA method as well as an approach for integrating Geographic Information System [GIS] and OWA. OWA has been developed as a generalization of multi-criteria combination. The OWA concept has been extended to the GIS applications as part of a decision support module in GIS. In this study to obtain the criteria weights, comparisons were made by evaluating 22 criteria against each other, therefore we attained comparable data via the technique of Analytical Hierarchy Process [AHP] and five scenarios of OWA method were used. The results of field studies, third scenario for the study area proposed

[Comparing the effect of propofol-alfentanil with ketamine-alfentanil on endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation]

Endotracheal intubation is an essential and important procedure. However, in some conditions such as the presence of difficult intubation, there are some limitations for endotracheal intubation with muscle relaxation. To compare the effect of propofol-alfentanil with ketamine-alfentanil on endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation. This was a double-blind clinical trial carried out on 60 patients aged between 18-50 years old. The patients were within the ASA class I-II of anesthesia chosen for elective surgery at Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Qazvin, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. For endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation, one group received propofol-alfentanil and another group ketamine-alfentanil. Changes in hemodynamic parameters [heart rate and blood pressure] and physical findings [vocal cord position, jaw relaxation, ability of mask ventilation, and reaction to endotracheal intubation] were compared between two groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using statistical tests including t-test and Chi-square test. Regarding the hemodynamic parameters, there was significant difference between two groups so that in ketamine group the hemodynamic conditions were more stable than in propofol group [P<0.05]. With respect to the physical findings, 93.3% of patients in propofol group were in excellent class and 6.7% in good class whereas in ketamine group 40% were in excellent class, 33.3% in good class, and 26.7% in poor class. Statistically, there was significant difference between two groups [P<0.05]. According to our findings, it seems that the propofol-alfentanil to produce better conditions than the ketamine-alfentanil when performing endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation

Comparing the results of 3D treatment planning and practical dosimetry in craniospinal radiotherapy using Rando phantom

Craniospinal radiotherapy faces technical challenges which are due to the sensitivity of the location in which the gross tumor is, and to organs at risk around planning target volume. Using modern treatment planning systems causes a reduction in the complexities of the treatment techniques. The most effective method to assess the dosimetric accuracy and the validity of the software used for treatment planning is to investigate the radiotherapy and treatment planning by means of a anthropomorphic Rando phantom which was used here for treatment planning and practical dosimetry for craniospinal radiotherapy. Studying the absorbed dose by the organs at risk was the secondary objective discussed in this paper. Treatment planning in craniospinal radiotherapy was done using CorePlan 3D treatment planning software. Radiotherapy was administered on a anthropomorphic Rando phantom and practical dosimetry was done using GR-200 TLDs. Varian Clinac 2100C/D was used for radiotherapy. The absorbed dose by regions of interest was separately calculated for treatment planning and radiotherapy. Except the conjunction areas of the cranial and spinal radiation fields, the difference among the results was not more than 5%. Full comparison of the results for each part has been presented. The comparison the results of practical dosimetry and treatment planning software supports the validity of CorePlan treatment planning system. Also analysis of the absorbed dose through organs at risk showed that the absorbed dose by organs at risk have an acceptable value with respect to tolerance dose of these organs. The only unacceptable result was related to thyroid

First report of Taenia acinonyxi [Ortlopp, 1938] in Acinonyx jubatus venaticus from Iran

The Asian cheetah is known as Iranian panther. A four years old female cheetah was killed in a road accident by a truck in Abbas Abad [Biarjamand] County around Shahrood City in Semnan Province, central part of Iran. Two days after the accident the carcass of animal was autopsied and only five cestodes were obtained from its intestine. In inspection of other organs no other helminth was observed. Cestod samples were fixed and stained by carmine acid. Characterization of the cestodes using morphological standard key, identified the cestodes as Taenia acinonyxi

Pulsed UV laser light on escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae suspended in non-alcoholic beer

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pulsed ultra-violet [UV] irradiation on inactivation of beer spoilage microorganisms. UV irradiation is nowadays cost effective enough to compete with traditional biological, physical, and chemical treatment technologies and has become an alternative to such methods. Photoinactivation effects of pulsed UV laser with the wavelengths of 355 and 266 nm, which inactivate typical prokaryotic [Escherichia coli] and eukaryotic [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] microorganisms, were examined with different doses and exposure times. A dose of 100 J/cm2 of the 355 nm pulsed UV laser was able to reduce about 1 to 2 log [88.75%] of E.coli with the population of 1.6x108 colony-forming units [CFU/ml], and 97% of 3.2x107, 3x106, 5.5x105, and 9x104 CFU/ml. In the case of 266 nm, more than 99% reduction in E. coli serial dilutions was inactivated, using 10 J/cm2 with exception of 7x104 CFU/ml which was not detected any bacterial growth using 5 J/cm2. In addition, 50, 40, and 20 J/cm2 energy were used successfully to inactivate S. cerevisiae at the populations of 5.4x106, 7x105, 5x104 and 4x103 CFU/ml, respectively. As a result, pulsed UV Laser with 266 nm was strong enough to inactivate a high titer of bacterial and yeast indicator standards suspended in non-alcoholic beer in comparison with 355nm doses. Results indicate that pulsed UV technology, in principle, is an attractive alternative to conventional methods for the inactivation of indicator microorganisms and has potential in irradiation of unpasteurized beer

[Effect of voluntary apnea on reactive oxygen species]

The reactive oxygen species [ROS] continuously are neutralized by antioxidant. Biological molecules become protected from oxidative stress under normal conditions. The production of ROS during hypoxia is reported In Vitro which is also known as reductive stress. In order to study this phenomenon at physiologic scales which occurs in routine activities, this study was conducted to evalute, the effect of voluntary apnea on serum ROS level. In this semi-experimental study, the participants were 12 healthy nonathlete men aged 21 +/- 3 years. At the end of normal depth inspiration the voluntary apnea had been started till 40 seconds. The respiratory rate and depth, heart rate and arterial oxyhemoglobine saturation percent were continuously monitored. Venous blood samples were collected at two times: [1] immediately after the apnea and [2] at the end of it and before rebreathing. The serum ROS level was measured using the standard D-ROM test. The mean and the range of breath holding time were 52.5 +/- 7.9 and 40 +/- 61.7 seconds respectively. The heart rate and the arterial oxyhemoglobine saturation percent decrease 12.75% [P<0.003] and 2.05% [P<0.001] respectively. The mean and the range of basal vs. apnea of these parameters were as follow: 93.3 +/- 3.03 and 87-107 bpm vs. 81.43 +/- 3.7 and 71-93 bmp; 97.6 +/- .16 and 97-98 percent vs. 95.6 +/- .33 and 94-97%. The serum ROS level after 40 seconds of apnea did not show significant differences. In non-athletes the voluntary apnea had no effect on serum reactive oxygen species level

Sterilization quality control in the AJA health care centers in Tehran-2006

Nosocomial infections are an economic burden on health-care systems and one of the most important mortality related agents of hospitalized patients. Although in attention to true sterilization of surgical instruments has mentioned as the most important sources of nosocomial infections; there are a few hospitals in the country that use the standard quality control methods and archive protocols ordered by international societies. Therefore the main purpose of this study was the survey of sterilization quality control conditions in the AJA health-care systems in Tehran. In this cross-sectional descriptive study sterilization process evaluated in the 12 health-care center including: 8 hospitals, 3 specialty clinics, and a dental clinic. Data were collected by using questionnaire consist of processing of cleaning; disinfection; packing and application of biological indicators were defined generally. Regarding to cleaning, all packages were clean and free of blood and contamination, whereas metal instruments in the packages were rusty in 5 centers [41.7%].in all centers disinfection processes had done well. In the packing processes 5 centers [41.7%] didn't use double layer cloth wraps and in one center [8.3%] the wraps were torn and dirty obviously and didn't have much consistence and pentrance truly. Also the packing itself was performed incorrectly in 2 centers [16.7%]. In ten centers which used wrapping by paper, 2 centers [20%] didn't packed their instruments by standard wrapping. Finally sterilization records and documentations didn't exist in any centers. Quality control of sterilization in comparison with its standards was not acceptable; therefore the observance of these standards as instructions should be proclaimed and enforced

Evaluation of prevalence of LBP and its effects on lower limb amputees life referred to Helal Ahmar rehabilitation center

LBP is a problem for lower limb amputees that is often ignored despite its adverse effects on their life. This research is trying to identify the prevalence of LBP among lower limn amputees visited at Helal Ahmar Rehabilitation Center. This is a cross sectional study that was conducted on 68 lower limb amputees. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. Also, amputees were examined by the researcher for scoliosis. Then data were analyzed using spss version 11.5. 73% was suffering from LBP. Pain severity was 5-6 on VAS. LBP directly affected their life, prosthesis weight was not heavy and amputees used their prosthesis 10 hours a day. More than 62.5% of LBP amputees showed scoliosis. LBP is prevalent among lower limb amputees. Among many factors may cause LBP-such as level of amputation, time from amputation, only scoliosis showed significant relation with LBP

[Association of homocysteine, vitamin and blood factors with preeclampsia in pregnant women]

Preeclampsia is a disease with worldwide importance to mothers and infants, where it accounts for 20-80% of the strikingly increased maternal mortality. The lack of enzymes added to the homocysteine metabolism or the cofactors necessary for its metabolism [folate, B6 vitamin, B12 vitamin] cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Abnormal serum lipid profiles such as cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Recently high levels of B-HCG have been identified as a potential marker for developing preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible association of homocysteine, vitamin and some serum factors levels with preeclampsia in pregnant women. A case control study was performed prospectively on normotensive healthy pregnant women [80] and pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia [80] referring to Imam Sadjad hospital in Yasuj, between September 2004 to August 2005. in addition to the obstetric evaluation and laboratory examination in the 3rd trimester of gestation, blood samples were taken from all cases for homocysteine and vitamin B12, folic acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, B-HCG analysis. The samples were evaluated by Immunoassay [ELISA]. Univariant and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of outcomes. The mean plasma level of total homocysteine was significantly higher in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnancy [p<0/05]. No significant differences were observed in B12 concentrations and plasma folic acid [P>0.05]. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnant women [p<0/05]. LDL and HDL levels were not correlated with preeclampsia. There was no significant association between preeclampsia and B-HCG levels. Homocysteine, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations increase in preeclampsia but decrease of vitamin B12 and folic acid levels was not observed in preeclampsia. LDL, HDL and B-HCG levels were not different preeclamptic women and women with normal pregnancy

[ effect of Pistacia khynjuk on humoral immune system of wistar rats]

Plants from the genus Pistacia family such as Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia vera and Pistacia khynjuk are considered as herbal medicines. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of these plants have been confirmed. The aim of the current study was to find the effect of Pistacia khynjuk on humoral immune system of Wistar rats. This is an experimental study which was conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups of ten animals and orally received 10 mg/kg of the extract of nucleus, cutin and fruit of Pistacia khynjuk respectively, every day for two weeks. The control group received only placebo. Immuno-reactivity was induced using BCG vaccine [IP] with Freund's complete adjuvant [CFA]. The titer of IgG and IgM were measured after the treatment using ELISA method. Moreover, the cervical lymph nodes and spleen of animals were excised and the volume and density of the primary and secondary follicle was evaluated by steriology. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS using one-way ANOVA. The differences in the mean level of IgG and IgM between the treated and the control animals were not significant [p>.05]. Also, the mean volume of the spleen and cervical lymph nodes of the first three groups in comparison with the control animals were not significantly [p>/05]. Findings of this study showed that the Pistacia khynjuk did not have any direct effect on the activity of humoral immune system and the increasing of antibody level among Wistar rats

Mycoprotein production by Fusarium venenatum in surface culture using a central composite design

Due to their nutritional, physical and chemical characteristics, mycoproteins, produced in the process of fungal growth, have been proposed to be used as a food additive for man. In this study a central composite design was applied to assessing the effect of seed size and initial concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources on mycoprotein production by Fusarium venenatum [ATCC20334] from date sugar. Chemical composition [percent dried cell weight, nitrogen, moisture, and ash] and pH of the substrate were determined. Vogel culture medium was used for maintenance and inoculum preparation, and incubation was done at 30 °C for 72h. Dried cell weight was measured by the oven method. The experimental results were fitted to a full quadratic second order polynomial equation and the optimization of response was done with Minitab 14 software. Optimum conditions were determined and a confirmation test was conducted. The regression coefficient of the model presented for mycoprotein production [based on dried cell weight] was 98.0%. The optimum conditions for the mycoprotein production included a seed size of 15.39% v/v, and a carbon and nitrogen source of 20 and 4.35 g/L, respectively. The predicted value for the optimum production of dried biomass was 5.032 g/L. The reconfirmation test was conducted at the optimum conditions and the result obtained was 4.84 g/L of biomass production. The regression coefficient indicates accuracy and suitability of the model for the experimental data. By changing the inoculum conditions and the chemical composition of the culture medium, optimal growth of Fusarium venenatum and, consequently, maximum biomass production, can be achieved. Use of date syrup as an available and domestic Iranian substrate for modification of Vogel medium makes possible protein production at an industrial scale in surface culture

Selection of the most appropriate medium for assessing motility and DNA uptake of bovine spermatozoa

The aim of this study was to select the best medium to maintain sperm motility during sperm-DNA incubation and assess the DNA uptake by spermatozoa of Iranian Holstein bulls and its effects on sperm motility. Frozen sperms from an Iranian Holstein bull were thawed and centrifuged. Motile sperms were separated through Puresperm gradient [40/80%] followed by two times washing in SP-TALP medium. Then, sperms were washed once [PBS, Opti-MEM and SP-TALP] and incubated with DNA in each media followed by sperm motility estimation. The plasmid pEGFP-C1 was linearized and incubated with sperms at 37°C for 1 hour. Sperm-DNA mixture was treated with DNase I and the sperm pellet was washed with PBS. DNA extraction from sperms and supernatants from the last washing were used as template for PCR. Data was analyzed using SAS package and mean comparisons between sperm motility in different media were performed. Sperm motility after incubation in PBS, Opti-MEM and SP-TALP were 40[ +/- 2.89], 2[ +/- 1.53] and 54[ +/- 4.41] percent, respectively. PCR results from transfected sperms indicated that EGFP transgene internalized into the bovine sperms and DNaseI treatment could not eliminate it. In conclusion the best medium for sperm and DNA incubation was SPTALP. The DNA not only could attach to the post acrosomal region of spermatozoa but also could integrate into it. So bovine spermatozoa can be used as transgene carrier into oocyte

effects of ascorbic acid injection in to locus ceruleus and ventral tegmental area and PGi on morphine withdrawal signs in rats

Recent studies indicate that the glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems are involved in morphine withdrawal syndrome. Ascorbic acid [ascorbate] is an antioxidant vitamin released from glutamatergic neurons and modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate in the locus ceruleus, ventral tegmental area and PGi as well as behavior. To determine the effects of ascorbic acid injection into locus ceruleus, ventral tegmental area and PGi on morphine withdrawal signs in rats [MWS]. This was an experimental study in which a total of 80 male rats [250-300gr] divided into two were tested. The first group marked as control received 3% sucrose in tap water [n=10] and the second group [dependent group] received morphine and 3% sucrose in tap water [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4mg/ml each for 48h, and 0.4mg/ml for the remaining days up to day 21]. The latter was further divided into 7 subgroups as follows: [1] morphine group; [2, 3, and 4] sham operated groups which were surgically implanted with cannula at the locus ceruleus [LC], ventral tegmental area [VTA], and PGi; [5, 6, 7] morphine-ascorbic acid groups injected with AA [8 microg/microl] into LC, VTA, and PGi at day 21 and 5 min before naloxone administration. At the end of the training day, all groups received naloxone [2mg/kg I.P] and MWS was studied for 30 minute. Our results showed that the injection of ascorbate into LC and PGi caused a higher decrease in morphine withdrawal syndrome signs compared to VTA. Glutamatergic system is more effective than dopaminergic system in attenuation of MWS by acute injection of ascorbate

Carrier detection of phenylketonuria in Iranian families by variable number tandem-repeat polymorphism analysis

This study of Iranian families assessed the usefulness of carrier detection of phenylketonuria by variable number tandem-repeat [VNTR] polymorphism analysis. We studied 171 people [45 unrelated PKU subjects, and their parents and unaffected siblings]. Of 342 chromosomes [131 non-PKU and 211 PKU], 5 VNTR alleles were identified. This VNTR system would yield a polymorphism information content of 66%, comparable to that in Europeans and higher than in Chinese. Carrier detection by segregation analysis of VNTR was informative in 89.5% of siblings. We conclude that this polymorphism is highly informative in carrier detection of PKU in the Iranian population

Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on dtrychnine-induced-convulsions in mice

Effects of electeromagnetic exposure on different parts of neruous system and memory of humans and animals has been established. In spite of important human studies, animal studies have been more precise and comprehensive. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields [ELF, <300Hz], have been reported to induce a variaty of behavioral and physiological function changes in animals. The object of present study was to determine the delay and durartion time of convulsions induced by co- exposure of ELF and strychnine. The effects of ELF on convulsions induced by strychnine [1mg/Kg] were investigated in 60 albino mice. Animals were devided into 6 groups [n=10], including control [I], 100Hz and 20Volt [II], 25Hz and 20Volt [III], 25Hz and 260Volt [IV], 100Hz and 260Volt [V], and 100Hz and 260Volt [VI]. Delay time [Det] and duration time [Dut] of convulsions were measured respectively. Increase and decrease in Det and Dut were determined and were compared in control and five ELF exposed groups. There was no significant difference in Det and Dut parameters between control [I] and III, IV and VI groups. In all these groups the convulsions terminated in animal death after a low Dut. In contrast there was a significant difference [P<0.001] in Det parameters between control [I] and the other groups [II and V]. No deaths happened in groups [II and V]. Co-exposure of higher ELF frequency and strychnine may decrease the epileptic effects of the drug

[ relationship between stressful life events and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in family members of type 2 diabetics]

Some evidences suggest a possible relationship between enviromental stresses and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome [MS]. To investigate the association between major stressful life events and the prevalence of MS. In this Cross-sectional study, the 35-55 years old first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics were included. The questionairs of stressful life events, physical activity and basic characteristics were completed. Also, the waist circumference, blood pressure, FBS, TG, Chol, and HDL were measured. MS was defined according to ATP III criteria and the number of stresses was compared between two groups of participants with and without MS. Among 439 participants, the prevalence of MS was 26.8%. The mean number of stresses in MS and non-MS groups were [3.82 +/- 2.67] and [3.14 +/- 2.35], respectively. The difference was found to be significant, statistically [P=0.036]. Comparing the prevalence of MS in subjects with 8 or more stressful life events [46%] with those who experienced less than 8 stresses [23.4%] was indicative of a higher prevalence among the former [P=0.017]. Cosidering the possible association between stresses and the prevalence of MS, which in turn increases the risk of heart diseases, educating high risk people on how to cope with stresses may be of benefit in CVD prevention

relationship among infection intensity of viscum album with some ecological parameters of host trees

We investigated the relations among infection intensity of European mistletoe [Viscum album L.] with host tree features in Nour Forest Park, located in Caspian Forests in North of Iran. The number of 30 circular plots with an area of 0.1 ha were sampled in all places have an aggregation of infested trees. Parameters including DBH, height, distance to stand edge, distance to conspecific tree, bark diameter and the number of adult mistletoe per tree for all infected individuals were recorded. Results showed that the mistletoe abundance and infection intensity in Parrotia persica was more than the other host species and also, have positive significant relation with DBH, distance to conspecific and locating in the stand edge, but no significant relation observed about height of host trees. Results of this study suggest that individual differences among host trees [specially DBH] play an important role in explaining local abundance and distribution of mistletoe plants